Operation of terminal for multi-antenna transmission

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and an apparatus for enabling a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system. According to one embodiment, a signal transmission method includes: receiving configuration information for multi-antenna transmission from a base station; configuring a multi-antenna transmission mode in accordance with the received configuration information; and transmitting an uplink channel having a plurality of symbols to the base station through multiple antennas.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2010/000823, filed on Feb. 10, 2010,which claims the benefit of earlier filing date and right of priority toKorean Application No. 10-2009-0077225, filed on Aug. 20, 2009, and alsoclaims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/151,515,filed on Feb. 11, 2009, the contents of all of which are incorporated byreference herein in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a radio communication system. Thepresent invention relates to a radio communication system for supportingat least one of Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA), Multi Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA)and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and, moreparticularly, to operation of a User Equipment (UE) for multi-antennatransmission in a radio communication system and an apparatus for thesame.

BACKGROUND ART

A 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) based on Wideband CodeDivision Multiple Access (WCDMA) radio access technology has been widelydeveloped worldwide. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), whichmay be defined as the first evolution of WCDMA, provides radio accesstechnology having high competitiveness in the mid-term future to 3GPP.As a system for providing high competitiveness in the mid-term future,there is an Evolved-Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS).

FIG. 1 shows a network architecture of the E-UMTS. The E-UMTS is anevolved form of a WCDMA UMTS, and the standardization thereof is ongoingin the 3GPP. The E-UMTS is also called a Long Term Evolution (LTE)system. For the detailed contents of the technical specifications of theUMTS and the E-UMTS reference may be made to Release 7 and Release 8 of“3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification GroupRadio Access Network”, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, the E-UMTS may include a User Equipment (UE), a basestation (hereinafter, referred to as an “eNode B” or “eNB”), and anAccess Gateway (AG) positioned at the end of the network (UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Network: E-UTRAN) and connected to an externalnetwork. Generally, the eNode B may simultaneously transmit multipledata streams, for broadcast services, multicast services and/or unicastservices. One or more cells may exist in one eNode B. A plurality ofeNode Bs may be connected by an interface for transmitting the usertraffic or control traffic. A Core Network (CN) may include the AG and anetwork node for the user registration of the UE. An interface fordistinguishing between the E-UTRAN and the CN may be used. The AGmanages the mobility of the UE in the unit of Tracking Areas (TAs). TheTA is composed of a plurality of cells. When the UE moves from aspecific TA to another TA, the UE informs the AG that the TA of the UEis changed.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

Although radio access technology has been developed to LTE based onWCDMA, the demands and the expectations of users and providers continueto increase. In addition, since other radio access technologies havebeen continuously developed, new technology evolution is required tosecure high competitiveness in the future. Decrease in cost per bit,increase in service availability, flexible use of a frequency band,simple structure, open interface, suitable UE power consumption and thelike are required. The standardization of the subsequent technology ofthe LTE is ongoing in the 3GPP. In the present specification, theabove-described technology is called “LTE-Advanced” or “LTE-A”.

In the case of LTE, in downlink transmission, Multiple-InputMultiple-Output (MIMO) is applied and spatial multiplexing is used.However, in uplink transmission, due to problems associated withefficiency of a power amplifier of a UE and the arrangement of antennas,spatial multiplexing is not considered. However, in order to maximizethe use of frequency resources or a demand for high-speed communication,the LTE-A requires spatial multiplexing using the MIMO in uplinktransmission. In detail, the LTE-A requires spatial multiplexing up to amaximum of four layers in uplink transmission. In addition, the LTE-Arequires transmission of a maximum of two transmission blocks via onesubframe per component carrier in the case of multiplexing by a singleuser in uplink transmission. The term “component carrier” refers to abasic frequency block used in carrier aggregation. The term “carrieraggregation” refers to technology for logically combining a plurality offrequency blocks and supporting a wideband. The LTE-A uses the frequencyaggregation technology for wideband.

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies ina method and apparatus for performing uplink transmission via multipleantennas in a radio communication system.

Another object of the present invention devised to solve the problemlies in a signaling method and apparatus associated with uplinktransmission using multiple antennas.

A further object of the present invention devised to solve the problemlies in a method and apparatus for determining a multi-antennatransmission mode when performing uplink transmission.

Technical Solution

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the objects ofthe present invention can be achieved by providing a method fortransmitting a signal from a User Equipment (UE) in a radiocommunication system, the method including receiving configurationinformation for multi-antenna transmission from a base station,configuring a multi-antenna transmission mode according to theconfiguration information, and transmitting an uplink channel having aplurality of symbols (for example, OFDMA or SC-FDMA symbols) to the basestation through multiple antennas.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the objectsof the present invention can be achieved by providing a user equipmentincluding multiple antennas, a radio frequency module configured toreceive configuration information for multi-antenna transmission from abase station and to transmit an uplink channel having a plurality ofsymbols (for example, OFDMA or SC-FDMA symbols) to the base stationthrough the multiple antennas according to a set multi-antennatransmission mode, and a processor configured to set the multi-antennatransmission mode according to the configuration information.

Here, the configuration information may be 1-bit information indicatingwhether or not a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmissionscheme is used.

Here, the configuration information may indicate the total number ofantennas that require channel estimation.

Here, the configuration information may include uplink schedulinginformation.

Here, the uplink channel may be transmitted using an Orthogonal SpaceResource Transmission (OSRT) scheme.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the objectsof the present invention can be achieved by providing a method fortransmitting a signal from a User Equipment (UE) in a radiocommunication system, the method including checking one or moreresources associated with an uplink channel having a plurality ofsymbols (for example, OFDMA or SC-FDMA symbols), configuring amulti-antenna transmission mode based on the one or more resources, andtransmitting the uplink channel to the base station through multipleantennas.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the objectsof the present invention can be achieved by providing a user equipmentincluding multiple antennas, a radio frequency module configured totransmit an uplink channel having a plurality of symbols (for example,OFDMA or SC-FDMA symbols) to a base station through the multipleantennas according to a set multi-antenna transmission mode, and aprocessor configured to check one or more resources associated with theuplink channel and to set the multi-antenna transmission mode based onthe one or more resources.

Here, the uplink channel may be a Physical Uplink Control CHannel(PUCCH). In addition, the uplink channel may be a Physical Uplink SharedCHannel (PUSCH) and the one or more resources may be associated with areference signal.

Here, the one or more resources may include Cyclic Shift (CS),Orthogonal Covering (OC) or a Resource Block (RB), or an arbitrarycombination of the CS, OC, and RB.

Here, the multi-antenna transmission mode may be determined based on thetotal number of the one or more resources.

Here, the multi-antenna transmission mode may be determined based on thenumber of resources that have a predetermined relationship from amongthe one or more resources. In this case, the one or more resources maybe indicated using a plurality of fields and the multi-antennatransmission mode may be determined based on whether or not the fieldsare identical to each other. In addition, the one or more resources maybe indicated for each antenna and the multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined based on whether or not the resources are identical toeach other.

Advantageous Effects

The embodiments of the present invention have the following effects.

First, it is possible to provide a method and apparatus for performinguplink transmission via multiple antennas in a radio communicationsystem.

Second, it is possible to provide a signaling method and apparatusassociated with uplink transmission using multiple antennas.

Third, it is possible to provide a method and apparatus for determininga multi-antenna transmission mode when performing uplink transmission.

Advantages of the present invention are not limited to those describedabove and other advantages will be clearly understood by those skilledin the art from the following description.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the inventionand together with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a view showing a network architecture of an E-UMTS;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter and a receiver for OFDMA andSC-FDMA;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the architecture of an uplink transmitterdefined in an LTE system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a method for generating aReference Signal (RS) in an SC-FDMA transmitter;

FIG. 5 is a view showing the architecture of a radio frame;

FIG. 6 is a view showing the architecture of a downlink physicalchannel;

FIG. 7 is a view showing a resource grid of a slot;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are views showing examples of localized SC-FDMA resourcemapping;

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are views showing examples of clustered SC-FDMAresource mapping;

FIG. 10 illustrates a structure of an uplink subframe;

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate PUCCH structures;

FIG. 12 illustrates ACK/NACK channelization for a PUCCH format 1a/1b;

FIG. 13 illustrates ACK/NACK and CQI channelization in a hybridstructure;

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a radio communicationsystem that uses multiple antennas;

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary SC-FDMA transmitter that supportsmultiple antennas;

FIG. 16 illustrates a Sequence Time Block Coding (STBC) scheme;

FIG. 17 illustrates Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD);

FIG. 18 illustrates an Orthogonal Space Resource Transmission (OSRT)scheme;

FIGS. 19 to 24 illustrate procedures for performing uplink transmissionthrough multiple antennas according to an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of a transmitter/receiver according to anembodiment of the present invention.

MODE FOR INVENTION

The configuration, operation and other features of the present inventionwill be understood by the preferred embodiments of the present inventiondescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings. The followingembodiments are examples of applying the technical features of thepresent invention to the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).However, these embodiments are only exemplary and the present inventionmay be used in any communication system having multiple antennas withoutlimit. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “antenna” refersto both a physical antenna and a logical antenna.

An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) scheme usesan OFDM scheme. The OFDM scheme divides a data stream with a hightransfer rate into a plurality of data streams with low transfer rateand simultaneously transmits the plurality of data streams using aplurality of orthogonal subcarriers. The OFDMA scheme provides some ofavailable subcarriers to users so as to realize multiplexing access. TheOFDMA scheme has preferable characteristics such as high spectrumefficiency and robustness to multi-path influences. However, the OFDMAscheme has a disadvantage such as high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR). A high PAPR occurs due to in-phase addition of subcarriers. Asthe number of subcarriers via which one user transmits a signal isincreased, the PAPR is increased. The PAPR converges into about 8 dB ata 95% confidence level. In a radio communication system, a high PAPR isnot preferable and may deteriorate system performance. In detail, in anOFDMA symbol, peak power may be operated in a nonlinear region or may beclipped to a predetermined value, in a power amplification process.Accordingly, high peak power may cause signal quality deterioration andsignal distortion and thereby may have an influence on channelestimation and data detection. The SC-FDMA scheme is technologysuggested for reducing a high PAPR observed in the OFDMA scheme. TheSC-FDMA scheme is different from the OFDMA scheme in that data is spreadin a frequency domain via Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precodingprior to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) process. If theSC-FDMA scheme is used, the PAPR of a transmitted signal can be furtherdecreased, compared with the case of using the OFDMA scheme. In thepresent specification, the SC-FDMA scheme is also called aDFT-Spread-OFDMA (DFT-s-OFDMA) scheme.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter and a receiver for OFDMA andSC-FDMA. In uplink, the transmitter may be a portion of a User Equipment(UE) and the receiver may be a portion of a base station (eNode B). Indownlink, the transmitter may be a portion of an eNode B and thereceiver may be a portion of a UE.

As shown in FIG. 2, an OFDMA transmitter includes a serial-to-parallelconverter 202, a subcarrier mapping module 206, an M-point IDFT module208, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) adding module 210, a parallel-to-serialconverter 212, and a Radio Frequency (RF)/Digital-to-Analog Converter(DAC) module 214.

A signal processing procedure of the OFDMA transmitter is as follows.First, a bit stream is modulated to a data symbol sequence. The bitstream may be obtained by performing various signal processes such aschannel encoding, interleaving and scrambling with respect to a datablock received from a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The bit streammay be called a codeword and is equivalent to a data block received fromthe MAC layer. The data block received from the MAC layer is also calleda transmission block. The modulation scheme may include, but not limitedto, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK) and n-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Thereafter, theserial data symbol sequence is serial-to-parallel converted N datasymbols by N data symbols (202). N data symbols are mapped to allocatedN subcarriers out of a total of M subcarriers, and residual M-Nsubcarriers are padded with 0 (206). Thereafter, the data symbols mappedin the frequency domain are converted into a time-domain sequence byM-point IDFT processing (208). Thereafter, in order to reduceInter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI), CPis added to the time-domain sequence so as to generate OFDMA symbols(210). The generated OFDMA symbols are parallel-to-serial converted(212). Thereafter, the OFDMA symbols are subjected to procedures such asdigital-to-analog conversion and frequency up-conversion and aretransmitted to the receiver (214). Available subcarriers out of theresidual M-N subcarriers are allocated to another user. An OFDMAreceiver includes an RF/Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module 216, aserial-to-parallel converter 218, a CP removal module 220, an M-pointDFT module 224, a subcarrier demapping/equalization module 226, aparallel-to-serial converter 228 and a detection module 230. The signalprocessing procedure of the OFDMA receiver is configured inversely tothe OFDM transmitter.

The SC-FDMA transmitter further includes the N-point DFT module 204 inthe previous stage of the subcarrier mapping module 206, compared withan OFDMA transmitter. The SC-FDMA transmitter spreads plural pieces ofdata in the frequency domain by the DFT prior to the IDFT processing,thereby further reducing the PAPR of the transmitted signal, comparedwith the OFDMA scheme. The SC-FDMA receiver further includes the N-PointIDFT module 228 in the next stage of the subcarrier demapping module226, compared with the OFDMA receiver. The signal processing procedureof the SC-FDMA receiver is configured inversely to the SC-FDMAtransmitter.

The modules shown in FIG. 2 are only illustrative and the transmitterand/or the receiver may further include a necessary module, some of themodules or functions may be omitted or divided into different modules,or two or more modules may be combined into one module.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the architecture of an uplink transmitterdefined in an LTE system. The LTE system uses the SC-FDMA in uplinktransmission and uses the OFDMA scheme in downlink transmission.

As shown in FIG. 3, the SC-FDMA transmitter includes a scrambling module302, a modulation mapper 304, a transform precoder 306, a resourceelement mapper 308 and an SC-FDMA signal generation module 310. Thesignal processing procedure is as follows. The scrambling module 302 mayscramble a bit stream using a specific scrambling code/sequence of a UE.The modulation mapper 304 modulates the scrambled signal into complexsymbols using a scheme such as a BPSK, QPSK or 16QAM scheme according tothe type of the signal and/or the channel state. Thereafter, themodulated complex symbols are processed by the transform precoder 306and are then input to the resource element mapper 308. The resourceelement mapper 308 maps the complex symbols to scheduled subcarriers.Thereafter, the signals mapped to the subcarriers may be transmitted inuplink via the SC-FDMA signal generation module 310.

For reference, the transform precoder 306 corresponds to the N-point DFTmodule 204 of FIG. 2. The resource element mapper 308 corresponds to thesubcarrier mapping module 206 of FIG. 2. The SC-FDMA signal generationmodule 310 corresponds to the M-point IDFT module 206, the CP addingmodule 210 and the parallel-to-serial converter 212 of FIG. 2. Themodules shown in FIG. 3 are only illustrative and the SC-FDMAtransmitter may further include a necessary module, some of the modulesor functions may be omitted or divided into different modules, or two ormore modules may be combined into one module.

Hereinafter, the signal processing procedure of the transform precoder306 will be described in more detail. The data symbol sequence input tothe transform precoder 306 may be complex symbols represented by d(0), .. . , and d(M_(symb)−1). The transform precoder 306 simultaneouslyprocesses N data symbols and divides the data symbol sequence intoM_(symb)/N sets. The sets finally configure SC-FDMA symbols. N denotesthe number of scheduled subcarriers. The data symbols input to thetransform precoder 306 may be processed by the following Expression.

$\begin{matrix}{{{D\left( {{l \cdot N} + k} \right)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}{\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{N - 1}\;{{d\left( {{l \cdot N} + 1} \right)}{\mathbb{e}}^{{- j}\frac{2{\pi \cdot i \cdot k}}{N}}}}}}{{k = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{N - 1}}{{l = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{M_{symb}/N} - 1}}} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The process of Expression 1 corresponds to a DFT process, andfrequency-domain sequences represented by D(0), . . . , D(M_(symb)−1)are generated by the transform precoder 306. The respective values ofthe frequency-domain sequences determine the sizes and the phases of themapped subcarriers.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a method for generating aReference Signal (RS) in an SC-FDMA transmitter.

As shown in FIG. 4, the RS is immediately generated in the frequencydomain. That is, the RS does not pass through a DFT precoder. The RS isgenerated using an orthogonal sequence, a quasi-orthogonal sequence, ora sequence having good correlation characteristics. For example, the RSmay include a computer-generated sequence, a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, aConstant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation Waveform (CAZAC) sequence, aPseudo-random Noise (PN) sequence, or the like. Thereafter, the RS ismapped to a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The RS maybe continuously or discontinuously mapped to the frequency domain. TheRS mapped to the frequency domain is transformed into a time-domainsignal through an IFFT. The time-domain signal is transmitted to areceiving end after a Cyclic Prefix (CP) is added to the signal.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the architecture of a radio frame.

As shown in FIG. 5, the radio frame has a length of 10 ms and includes10 subframes. Each of the subframes has a length of 1 ms and includestwo slots. Each of the slots has a length of 0.5 ms. In FIG. 5, T_(s)denotes a sampling time, which may be T_(s)=1/(15 kHz×2048)=3.2552×10⁻⁸(about 33 ns). Each slot includes a plurality of transmission symbols ina time domain, and includes a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) in afrequency domain. A Transmission Time Interval (TTI) which is a unittime for transmission of data may be determined in units of one or moresubframes. The structure of the radio frame is only exemplary and thenumber of subframes, the number of slots, and the number of transmissionsymbols may be variously changed.

FIG. 6 is a view showing the architecture of a downlink physicalchannel.

As shown in FIG. 6, each subframe includes a control region fortransmitting scheduling information and other control information and adata region for transmitting downlink data. The control region startsfrom a first OFDMA symbol of the subframe and includes one or more OFDMAsymbols. The size of the control region may be independently set withrespect to each subframe. Various control channels including a. PhysicalDownlink Control Channel (PDCCH) are mapped to the control region. ThePDCCH is a physical downlink control channel, which is allocated tofirst n OFDM symbols of the subframe. The PDCCH includes one or moreControl Channel Elements (CCEs). Each CCE includes 9 adjacent ResourceElement Groups (REGs). Each REG includes four adjacent Resource Elements(REs) excluding a reference signal.

The PDCCH informs each UE of information associated with resourceallocation of a Paging Channel (PCH) and a Downlink-Shared Channel(DL-SCH), uplink scheduling grant, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request(HARQ) information, or the like. The information transmitted via thePDCCH is collectively referred to as Downlink Control Information (DCI).The PDCCH has various formats according to transmission information. ThePDCCH format is also called a DCI format. For example, a DCI format 0associated with uplink scheduling is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Field Bits Comment Format 1 Uplink grant or downlink assignmentHopping flag 1 Frequency hopping on/off RB assignment 7 — MCS 5 — DMRS 3Cyclic shift of demodulation reference signal . . . . . . . . . RNTI/CRC16  16 bit RNTI implicitly encoded in CRC Total 38  — MCS: Modulationand Coding Scheme RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier CRC: CyclicRedundancy Check

Using a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), it is identified towhich UE the PDCCH is transmitted. For example, it is assumed that thePDCCH is CRC-masked with an RNTI “A”, and uplink radio resourceallocation information (e.g., frequency location) “B” and transmissionformat information (e.g., transmission block size, modulation scheme,coding information, or the like) “C” are transmitted. In this case, a UElocated in a cell monitors a PDCCH using its own RNTI information, and aUE with “A” RNTI performs uplink transmission according to information“B” and “C” obtained from the PDCCH.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a resource grid of a slot. FIG. 7 is equallyapplicable to a downlink slot.

As shown in FIG. 7, the uplink slot includes a plurality of SC-FDMAsymbols in a time domain, and includes a plurality of RBs in a frequencydomain. Although, in FIG. 7, the uplink slot includes 7 SC-FDMA symbolsand the RB includes 12 subcarriers, the present invention is not limitedthereto. For example, the number of SC-FDMA symbols included in theuplink slot may be modified according to the length of a cyclic prefix.Elements on the resource grid are called resource elements. One RBincludes 12×7 resource elements. The number N^(UL) _(RB) of RBs includedin the uplink slot depends on an uplink transmission bandwidth set in acell.

SC-FDMA may be subdivided according to a method for mappingfrequency-domain sequences generated by DFT precoding to subcarriers.For convenience, localized SC-FDMA and clustered SC-FDMA will bedescribed.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are views showing examples of localized SC-FDMA resourcemapping.

As shown in FIG. 8A, N_(u) data symbols are input to an N_(u)-DFTmodule. Here, N_(u) denotes the number of subcarriers scheduled at agiven time point. The N_(u)-DFT module generates frequency-domainsequences with a length of N_(u), which are spread in the frequencydomain, from the N_(u) data symbols. The frequency-domain sequencesoutput from the N_(u)-DFT module are continuously allocated to N_(u)subcarriers within a system band (including N_(c) subcarriers).Thereafter, a localized SC-FDMA symbol is generated through anN_(c)-point IFFT module.

As shown in FIG. 8B, in the case of a normal CP, each slot may include 7SC-FDMA symbols and data that has been subjected to DFT precoding may bemapped to a plurality of consecutive subcarriers. A resource isgenerated in the frequency domain and is mapped to a 4th SC-FDMA symbolof each slot. In the case of an extended CP, each slot may include 6SC-FDMA symbols and a reference signal may be mapped to a 3rd SC-FDMAsymbol of each slot. Since the localized SC-FDMA symbol has a singlecarrier characteristic on a time axis, a PAPR is smaller than that of anOFDMA symbol. Although the localized SC-FDMA scheme can performfrequency selective scheduling, it reduces scheduling flexibility. Forexample, a transmitter and a receiver cannot simultaneously transmitdata through a plurality of separated frequency regions having goodradio channel response characteristics.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are views showing examples of clustered SC-FDMA resourcemapping.

As shown in FIG. 9A, the N_(u)-DFT module generates frequency-domainsequences with a length of N_(u), which are spread in the frequencydomain, from the N_(u) data symbols. The frequency-domain sequencesoutput from the N_(u)-DFT module are discontinuously mapped to one ormore clusters set within a system band (N_(c) subcarriers) by asubcarrier mapping process. The cluster indicates a frequency band towhich the localized SC-FDMA scheme is applied and includes one or morecontinuous subcarriers. Accordingly, the data symbols arediscontinuously mapped to a plurality of clusters in a frequency domain,and are continuously mapped to one or more subcarriers within each ofthe clusters. Thereafter, clustered SC-FDMA symbols may be generated byan N_(c)-point IFFT module.

As shown in FIG. 9B, in the case where the system band includes aplurality of sub-bands, the SC-FDMA scheme may be separately performedfor each sub-band. Here, each sub-band may be a component carrier usedfor a carrier aggregation. Each sub-band may be adjacent to each otheror may be separated from each other in the frequency domain. In thisembodiment, it is assumed that the system band includes three sub-bands.The size of each sub-band may be equal or unequal. Basically, theSC-FDMA scheme is applied to each sub-band in the same manner asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 9A. IFFT may be performed for theentire system band or may be performed on a sub-band basis as shown.Each SC-FDMA symbol generated through IFFT may be transmitted using asingle central carrier or may be transmitted in units of subbands usingdifferent central carriers as shown.

As shown in FIG. 9C, in the case of a normal CP, each slot may include 7SC-FDMA symbols and data that has been subjected to DFT precoding may bemapped to one or more clusters. A reference signal may be generated inthe frequency domain and may then be mapped to a 4th SC-FDMA symbol ofeach slot. The example of FIG. 9C shows the case where the number ofclusters is 2. The sizes of the clusters (e.g., the number ofsubcarriers) may be equally or independently set. In the case of anextended CP, each slot may include 6 SC-FDMA symbols and a referencesignal may be mapped to a 3rd SC-FDMA symbol of each slot. In theclustered SC-FDMA symbols, since a single carrier characteristic isbroken on a time axis, a PAPR is slightly increased. However, if thenumber of clusters is set in a proper range, it is possible to improvescheduling flexibility while securing a smaller PAPR than the OFDMAscheme.

FIG. 10 illustrates an uplink subframe structure.

As shown in FIG. 10, an uplink subframe may be divided into a region towhich a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) carrying controlinformation is allocated and a region to which a Physical Uplink SharedCHannel (PUSCH) carrying user data is allocated. The center part of thesubframe is allocated to the PUSCH, and both-side parts of the dataregion are allocated to the PUCCH in the frequency domain. Controlinformation transmitted over the PUCCH includes anAcknowledgement/Negative-Acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) used in a HybridAutomatic Repeat Request (HARQ), a Channel Quality Indictor (CQI)indicating a downlink channel state, a Rank Indicator (RI) for MIMO, ascheduling request (SR) which is as a UL resource allocation request,etc.

A PUCCH for one UE uses one resource block (RB) that occupies adifferent frequency in each slot of the subframe. That is, two RBsallocated to a PUCCH are frequency-hopped at a slot boundary. FIG. 10illustrates an example in which a PUCCH of m=0, a PUCCH of m=1, a PUCCHof m=2, and a PUCCH of m=3 are allocated to a subframe. The PUCCH maysupport multiple formats. That is, uplink control information having adifferent number of bits per subframe depending on a used modulationscheme may be transmitted within a PUCCH. For example, 1-bit controlinformation may be transmitted within a PUCCH when a Binary Phase ShiftKeying (BPSK) is used and 2-bit control information may be transmittedwithin a PUCCH when a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is used.

Table 2 illustrates a PUCCH format in an LTE system.

TABLE 2 PUCCH Modulation Number of bits format Information scheme persubframe 1  Scheduling N/A (OOK) N/A Request (SR) 1a ACK/NACK BPSK  1 1bACK/NACK QPSK  2 2  CQI QPSK 20 2a CQI + ACK/NACK QPSK + BPSK 21 2bCQI + ACK/NACK QPSK + QPSK 22 OOK: On-Off Keying N/A: Not-Available

Table 3 illustrates the number of reference signals for demodulation perslot according to the PUCCH format.

TABLE 3 PUCCH format Normal CP Extended CP 1, 1a, 1b 3 2 2 2 1 2a, 2b 2N/A

FIG. 11A illustrates a PUCCH 1a/1b structure. An ACK/NACK signal istransmitted in this structure.

As shown in FIG. 11A, in the case of a normal CP, each slot includes 7SC-FDMA symbols. A reference signal is carried within 3 consecutiveSC-FDMA symbols and an ACK/NACK signal is carried within 4 remainingSC-FDMA symbols. In the case, of an extended CP, each slot includes 6SC-FDMA symbols and a reference signal is carried within the 3rd and 4thSC-FDMA symbols. Resources for ACK/NACK signals are identified usingdifferent Walsh/DFT orthogonal codes (time spreads) and different CyclicShifts (CSs) of a Computer Generated Constant Amplitude Zero AutoCorrelation (CG-CAZAC). After IFFT, the signal is multiplied by w0, w1,w2, and w3. The same result is obtained when the signal is multiplied byw0, w1, w2, and w3 before IFFT. Resource blocks for the ACK/NACK signalare allocated so as to be orthogonal to each other in the frequencydomain. Assuming that the number of available cyclic shifts is 6 and thenumber of available Walsh/DFT codes is 3, 18 UEs may be multiplexedwithin one Resource Block (RB).

FIG. 11B illustrates a PUCCH 1a/1b structure. A CQI signal istransmitted in this structure.

As shown in FIG. 11B, in the case of a normal CP, each slot includes 7SC-FDMA symbols and a reference signal is carried within 2nd and 6shSC-FDMA symbols. A CQI signal is carried within the remaining SC-FDMAsymbols. In the case of an extended CP, each slot includes 6 SC-FDMAsymbols and a reference signal is carried within the 4th SC-FDMA symbol.The CQI is modulated and carried over the entire SC-FDMA symbol and eachSC-FDMA symbol is configured as one sequence. That is, the UE modulatesand transmits a CQI in each sequence. The CQI is modulated in a QPSKscheme and a subframe may carry a CQI value of up to 20 bits. Areference signal may be UE-multiplexed in a Code Division Multiplexing(CDM) manner through cyclic shift. For example, when the number ofavailable cyclic shifts is 12, 12 UEs may be multiplexed in the same RBand, when the number of available cyclic shifts is 6, 6 UEs may bemultiplexed in the same RB.

The following is a more detailed description of PUCCH resources. ThePUCCH resources include frequency resource blocks, orthogonal codes, andcyclic shifts of sequences.

Expression 2 represents a basic CG-CAZAC sequence of length 12.r _(u)(n)=e ^(jφ(n)π/4)  [Expression 2]

Here, u and φ(n) are the same as defined in Table 5 and n is an integerin a range of 0 to 11.

TABLE 4 u φ(0), . . . , φ(11) 0 −1 1 3 −3 3 3 1 1 3 1 −3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3−1 1 −3 −3 1 −3 3 2 1 1 −3 −3 −3 −1 −3 −3 1 −3 1 −1 3 −1 1 1 1 1 −1 −3−3 1 −3 3 −1 4 −1 3 1 −1 1 −1 −3 −1 1 −1 1 3 5 1 −3 3 −1 −1 1 1 −1 −1 3−3 1 6 −1 3 −3 −3 −3 3 1 −1 3 3 −3 1 7 −3 −1 −1 −1 1 −3 3 −1 1 −3 3 1 81 −3 3 1 −1 −1 −1 1 1 3 −1 1 9 1 −3 −1 3 3 −1 −3 1 1 1 1 1 10 −1 3 −1 11 −3 −3 −1 −3 −3 3 −1 11 3 1 −1 −1 3 3 −3 1 3 1 3 3 12 1 −3 1 1 −3 1 1 1−3 −3 −3 1 13 3 3 −3 3 −3 1 1 3 −1 −3 3 3 14 −3 1 −1 −3 −1 3 1 3 3 3 −11 15 3 −1 1 −3 −1 −1 1 1 3 1 −1 −3 16 1 3 1 −1 1 3 3 3 −1 −1 3 −1 17 −31 1 3 −3 3 −3 −3 3 1 3 −1 18 −3 3 1 1 −3 1 −3 −3 −1 −1 1 −3 19 −1 3 1 31 −1 −1 3 −3 −1 −3 −1 20 −1 −3 1 1 1 1 3 1 −1 1 −3 −1 21 −1 3 −1 1 −3 −3−3 −3 −3 1 −1 −3 22 1 1 −3 −3 −3 −3 −1 3 −3 1 −3 3 23 1 1 −1 −3 −1 −3 1−1 1 3 −1 1 24 1 1 3 1 3 3 −1 1 −1 −3 −3 1 25 1 −3 3 3 1 3 3 1 −3 −1 −13 26 1 3 −3 −3 3 −3 1 −1 −1 3 −1 −3 27 −3 −1 −3 −1 −3 3 1 −1 1 3 −3 −328 −1 3 −3 3 −1 3 3 −3 3 3 −1 −1 29 3 −3 −3 −1 −1 −3 −1 3 −3 3 1 −1

Tables 5 and 6 illustrate orthogonal sequences of lengths 4 and 3 usedin each PUCCH.

TABLE 5 Sequence index Orthogonal sequences n_(oc)(n_(s)) [w(0) . . .w(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH,) −1)] 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 1 [+1 −1 +1 −1] 2 [+1 −1 −1 +1]

TABLE 6 Sequence index Orthogonal sequences n_(oc)(n_(s)) [w(0) . . .w(N_(SF) ^(PUCCH) −1)] 0 [1 1 1] 1 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] 2 [1e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)]

Table 7 illustrates an orthogonal sequence used in a reference signal.

TABLE 7 Sequence index n _(oc)(n_(s)) Normal cyclic prefix Extendedcyclic prefix 0 [1 1 1] [1 1] 1 [1 e^(j2π/3) e^(j4π/3)] [1 −1] 2 [1e^(j4π/3) e^(j2π/3)] N/A

Expression 3 represents a Physical Resource Block (PRB) used for PUCCHtransmission in slot n_(s).

                                [Expression  3] $\begin{matrix}{n_{PRB} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}\left\lfloor \frac{m}{2} \right\rfloor & {{{if}\mspace{14mu}\left( {m + {n_{s}{mod}\; 2}} \right){mod}\; 2} = 0} \\{N_{RB}^{UL} - 1 - \left\lfloor \frac{m}{2} \right\rfloor} & {{{if}\mspace{14mu}\left( {m + {n_{s}{mod}\; 2}} \right){mod}\; 2} = 1}\end{matrix} \right.} & \;\end{matrix}$

Here, m is determined according to a PUCCH format. Specifically, “m”which is determined according to PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b asrepresented in Expressions 4 and 5.

$\begin{matrix}{m = \left\{ {{\begin{matrix}N_{RB}^{(2)} & \begin{matrix}{{{if}\mspace{14mu} n_{PUCCH}^{(1)}} < {c \cdot}} \\{N_{cs}^{(1)}/\Delta_{shift}^{PUCCH}}\end{matrix} \\\begin{matrix}{\left\lfloor \frac{n_{PUCCH}^{(1)} - {c \cdot {N_{cs}^{(1)}/\Delta_{shift}^{PUCCH}}}}{c \cdot {N_{sc}^{RB}/\Delta_{shift}^{PUCCH}}} \right\rfloor +} \\{N_{RB}^{(2)} + \left\lceil \frac{N_{cs}^{(1)}}{8} \right\rceil}\end{matrix} & {otherwise}\end{matrix}\mspace{79mu} c} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}3 & {{normal}\mspace{14mu}{cyclic}\mspace{14mu}{prefix}} \\2 & {{extended}\mspace{14mu}{cyclic}\mspace{14mu}{prefix}}\end{matrix} \right.} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \\{\mspace{79mu}{m = \left\lfloor {n_{PUCCH}^{(2)}/N_{sc}^{RC}} \right\rfloor}} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

FIG. 12 illustrates ACK/NACK channelization for a PUCCH format 1a/1b.This example is similarly applied to the PUCCH format 2/2a/2b.

As shown in FIG. 12, ACK/NACK channelization is determined based on acombination of orthogonal covering (OC) and a cyclic shift (CS) of aCG-CAZAC sequence. ACK/NACK channels are combined so as to be as faraway from each other as possible in CS and OC resources. A CS difference(Δ^(PUCCH) _(shift)) between adjacent ACK/NACK channels is determinedfor each cell and has a value of 1, 2, or 3. In this embodiment, it isassumed that the CS difference (Δ^(PUCCH) _(shift)) is 2. In this case,ACK/NACK channelization is performed using OC resources after it isperformed using CS resources. When the resources for ACK/NACK channelsare represented in the form of (CS, OC), the resources for ACK/NACKchannels are given as (1,0), (3,0), (5,0), (9,0), (11,0), (2,1), (4,1),(6,1), . . . , (7, 2), (9, 2), (11, 2). ACK/NACK resources (i.e., CS,Walsh/DFT code, and frequency RB resources) for non-persistentscheduling are linked to a CCE index having a lowest PDCCH allocated forscheduling and are automatically determined accordingly. In the case ofpersistent scheduling, information regarding ACK/NACK resources isexplicitly signaled to the UE one time.

FIG. 13 illustrates ACK/NACK and CQI channelization in a hybridstructure.

As shown in FIG. 13, resources for ACK/NACK and CQI are identified byCSs. For example, CSs of 0 to 3 may be used for ACK/NACK channelizationand CSs of 5 to 10 may be used for CQI channelization. In this case, CSsof 4 and 11 may be used as guard CSs for avoiding interference betweenchannels. In FIGS. 12 and 13, CSs may be hopped on a symbol basis torandomize interference between cells. CS/OC may be remapped on a slotbasis.

As described above, resources of PUCCH format 1/1a/1b are configured ascombinations of a Cyclic Shift (CS), orthogonal covering (OC), and aResource Block (RB). For example, when the number of CS indices is 6(ncs0 to ncs5), the number of OC indices is 3 (noc0 to noc2), and thenumber of RBs is 3 (nrb0 to nrb2), a total of 54 (=6×3×3) resourceelements may be allocated to each UE. That is, a total of 54 indices(index 0 to index 53) may be rearranged as combinations of nr=(nrc, noc,nrb). Similarly, PUCCH format 2/2a/2b resources are configured ascombinations of a Cyclic Shift (CS) and a Resource Block (RB). Forexample, when the number of CS indices is 6 (ncs0 to ncs5) and thenumber of RBs is 3 (nrb0 to nrb2), a total of 18 (=6×3) resourceelements may be allocated to each UE.

The following is a more detailed description of a reference signal usedfor a PUSCH. In the LTE system, a reference signal is configured as aCG-CAZAC or CAZAC sequence. Expression 6 represents a reference signalfor a PUSCH.r ^(PUSCH)(m·M _(sc) ^(RS) +n)=r _(u,v) ^((α))(n)=e ^(jαn) r_(u,v)(n)  [Expression 6]

Here, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer in a range from 0 to M^(RS) _(SC)−1,and M^(RS) _(SC) denotes the number of scheduled subcarriers. u denotesa group index which is an integer in a range of 1 to 29. v denotes abasic sequence number belonging to each group. Each group includes onebasic sequence for resources of 5 or less RBs and two basic sequencesfor resources of 6 or more RBs. α denotes a Cyclic Shift (CS) value andis defined as 2π·n_(CS)/12. n_(CS) is expressed as Expression 7.n _(cs)=(n _(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ +n _(DMRS) ⁽²⁾ +n _(PRS)(n _(s)))mod12  [Expression 7]

Here, n⁽¹⁾ _(DMRS) denotes a broadcast value and n⁽²⁾ _(DMRS) isindicated by scheduling as illustrated in Table 9. n_(PRS)(n_(S))denotes a cell-specific CS value and varies depending on the slot number(n_(S)). n_(PRS)(n_(S)) may be expressed as Expression 8.

$\begin{matrix}{{n_{PRS}\left( n_{s} \right)} = {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{7}\;{{c\left( {{8 \cdot n_{s}} + i} \right)} \cdot 2^{i}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, c(i) is a cell-specific Pseudo-random Noise (PN) sequence. The PNsequence generator is initialized as a value as expressed in Expression9.

$\begin{matrix}{c_{init} = {{\left\lfloor \frac{N_{ID}^{cell}}{30} \right\rfloor \cdot 2^{5}} + f_{ss}^{PUSCH}}} & \left\lbrack {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

TABLE 9 Cyclic Shift Field in DCI format 0 n_(DMRS) ⁽²⁾ 000 0 001 2 0103 011 4 100 6 101 8 110 9 111 10

Physical mapping of a reference signal for a PUSCH is performed in thefollowing manner. A sequence r^(PUSCH)(·) is multiplied by an amplitudescaling factor PUSCH and is mapped to a physical RB used forcorresponding PUSCH transmission, starting from r^(PUSCH)(0).

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary configuration of a radio communicationsystem using multiple antennas. The term “MIMO technology” refers totechnology for performing communication using multiple transmissionantennas and/or multiple reception antennas.

The MIMO technology includes a transmit diversity (TxD) scheme forincreasing transmission reliability using symbols passing throughvarious channel paths and a spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme forsimultaneously transmitting a plurality of data symbols using aplurality of transmission antennas so as to improve transfer rate.Recently, research into a proper combination of the two schemes forobtaining the respective advantages of the schemes is ongoing. Thefollowing is a more-detailed description of each of the schemes.

First, the transmit diversity scheme includes a space-time block coding(STBC) scheme and a space-time trellis coding scheme simultaneouslyusing a diversity gain and a coding gain. In general, the space-timetrellis coding scheme is excellent in terms of bit error rateimprovement performance and degree of freedom in code generation, butthe space-time block coded scheme is simple in terms of computationalcomplexity. The transmit diversity gain is an amount corresponding tothe product of the number of transmission antennas and the number ofreception antennas. The transmit diversity scheme includes a CyclicDelay Diversity (CDD), Precoding Vector Switching (PVS), Time SwitchedTransmit Diversity (TSTD), Single Carrier-Space Frequency Block Coding(SC-SFBC); STBC-II, Frequency Shift Time Diversity (FSTD), and the like.

Second, in the spatial multiplexing scheme, different data streams aretransmitted via respective transmission antennas. At this time, sinceinterference is generated between data simultaneously transmitted fromthe transmitter, the receiver detects a signal after eliminating theinterference using a proper signal processing scheme. Examples of theinterference eliminating scheme include a Maximum Likelihood (ML)scheme, a Zero Forcing (ZF) scheme, a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE)scheme, a Diagonal Bell laboratories Layered Space-Time (D-BLAST)scheme, a Vertical Bell laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST)scheme, and the like. If the transmitter can have channel information, aSingular Value Decomposition (SVD) scheme or the like may be used.

Third, a hybrid of the transmit diversity scheme and the spatialmultiplexing scheme may be used. If only the spatial diversity gain isobtained, a performance improvement gain according to the increase indiversity order is gradually saturated and, if only a spatialmultiplexing gain is obtained, transmission reliability is reduced in aradio channel. Such a hybrid scheme includes a Double-Space TimeTransmit Diversity (D-STTD) scheme, a Space Time Bit-Interleaved Codedmodulation (STBICM) scheme, and the like.

Equation 6 represents signals x₁, x₂, . . . , x_(N) _(T) that aretransmitted through transmit antennas.

$\begin{matrix}{x = {\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}x_{1} \\x_{2} \\\vdots \\x_{i} \\\vdots \\x_{N_{T}}\end{matrix} \right\rbrack = {{\begin{bmatrix}w_{11} & w_{12} & \ldots & w_{1N_{T}} \\w_{21} & w_{22} & \ldots & w_{2N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{i\; 1} & w_{i\; 2} & \ldots & w_{{iN}_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{N_{T}1} & w_{N_{T}2} & \ldots & w_{N_{T}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{\hat{s}}_{1} \\{\hat{s}}_{2} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{j} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} = {{W\hat{s}} = {WPs}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, w_(ij) denotes a weight applied between an ith transmit antennaand Ŝ denotes a power-adjusted information vector. S. W denotes a weightor precoding matrix. W is appropriately distributed to each antennaaccording to a channel state.

In the spatial multiplexing scheme, since different signals aretransmitted in a state of being multiplexed, all the elements of theinformation vector S have different values. In contrast, in the transmitdiversity scheme, since the same signal is transmitted via severalchannel paths, all the elements of the information vector S have thesame value. A method for mixing the spatial multiplexing scheme and thetransmit diversity scheme may be considered. For example, the samesignal may be transmitted via three transmission antennas and differentsignals may be respectively transmitted via the residual transmissionantennas.

Equation 7 represents signals y₁, y₂, . . . , y_(N) _(R) that aretransmitted through receive antennas when NR transmit antennas arepresent.

$\begin{matrix}{y = {\begin{bmatrix}y_{1} \\y_{2} \\\vdots \\y_{i} \\\vdots \\y_{N_{R}}\end{bmatrix} = {{{\begin{bmatrix}h_{11} & h_{12} & \ldots & h_{1N_{T}} \\h_{21} & h_{22} & \ldots & h_{2N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{i\; 1} & h_{i\; 2} & \ldots & h_{{iN}_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\h_{N_{R}1} & h_{N_{R}2} & \ldots & h_{N_{R}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} \\x_{2} \\\vdots \\x_{j} \\\vdots \\x_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} + \begin{bmatrix}n_{1} \\n_{2} \\\vdots \\n_{i} \\\vdots \\n_{N_{R}}\end{bmatrix}} = {{{Hx} + n} = {{{HWPs} + n} = {{\overset{\sim}{H}s} + n}}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, H denotes a channel matrix and h_(ij) denotes a channel from atransmit antenna j to a receive antenna i.

Meanwhile, the rank of the matrix is defined by a minimum number of thenumber of independent rows or columns. Accordingly, the rank rank(H) ofthe channel matrix H is restricted as follows.rank(H)≦min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 8]

The rank may be defined by the number of Eigen values excluding 0, whenthe matrix is subjected Eigen value decomposition. Similarly, the rankmay be defined by the number of singular values excluding 0, whensingular value decomposition is performed. Accordingly, the physicalmeaning of the rank in the channel matrix is a maximum value of piecesof different information, which can be transmitted via a given channel.

In a multi-antenna system, a transmitter and a receiver may share acodebook for applying the MIMO technology. The codebook is a predefinedset of precoding matrices or vectors. The precoding matrix has a size ofN_(T)×N_(L). N_(T) denotes the number of (physical or logical) antennasused for signal transmission, and N_(L) denotes the number of layers.That is, the layers correspond to the (physical or logical) antennas anda relationship between the layers and the antennas may be determined bythe precoding matrix. The number of layers may be determined accordingto the rank of the channel matrix. The precoding matrix may beconfigured in a nested format. Meanwhile, if two antenna ports are usedin LTE, the codebook is defined as shown in Table 9. If four antennaports are used, the codebook may refer to 3GPP TS36.211.

TABLE 9 Codebook Number of layers v index 1 2 0$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\1\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}$ 1 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\{- 1}\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 \\1 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}$ 2 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\j\end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 \\j & {- j}\end{bmatrix}$ 3 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\{- j}\end{bmatrix}$ —

FIG. 15 is a view showing an example of an SC-FDMA transmitter forsupporting multiple antennas.

As shown in FIG. 15, scrambling module 1510#1 to 1510#N_(CW) mayscramble Ncw codewords (CW) using specific scrambling codes/sequences ofa UE. The N_(CW) scrambled signals are input to modulation mappers1520#1 to 1520#N_(CW) so as to be modulated to complex symbols by aBPSK, QPSK or 16QAM scheme according to the kinds of the transmittedsignals and/or the channel states. Thereafter, the N_(CW) modulatedcomplex symbols are mapped to N_(L) layers by a layer mapper 1530. Thelayers are DFTed by respective transformer precoders 1540#1 to1540#N_(T). A precoder 1545 maps the N_(L) DFTed layers to N_(T) streamscorresponding to the antenna ports using precoding vectors/matrices.That is, a relationship between the layers and the antennas may bedetermined by the precoding vectors/matrices. Resource element mappers1550#1 to 1550#N_(T) map the N_(T) streams to subcarriers. SC-FDMAsignal generators 1560#1 to 1560#N_(T) convert the signals mapped to thesubcarriers into transmission symbols in the time domain and thentransfer the symbols to the antenna ports. The antenna ports are mappedto the physical antennas through antenna virtualization. Although thelayer mapper 1530 and the precoder 1545 are illustrated as separatemodules in this embodiment, the functions of the layer mapper 1530 andthe precoder 1545 may be integrated as a single module. For example, thefunctions of the layer mapper 1530 may be incorporated into the precoder1545 and the functions of the precoder 1545 may be incorporated into thelayer mapper 1530. In addition, although the precoder 1545 isillustrated as being located in the transform precoders 1540#1 to1540#N_(T) in this embodiment, the precoder 1545 may also be locatedbefore the transform precoders 1540#1 to 1540#N_(T) or after an IFFTmodule (not shown).

FIG. 16 illustrates a Sequence Time Block Coding (STBC) scheme. STBC isa scheme which performs frequency-time block coding to acquire transmitdiversity gain while satisfying single carrier characteristics so as tolower Cubic Metric (CM) characteristics.

As shown in FIG. 16; it is assumed that a QAM symbol of length 2M isgenerated from information bits through QAM symbol modulation. LengthM-point DFT coding is performed on the QAM symbol of length 2M toperform STBC mapping.

Antenna #0, OFDM symbol #0=>Symbols of indices 0 to M−1 are mapped afterbeing DFTed.

Antenna #1, OFDM symbol #0=>Symbols of indices M to 2M−1 are mappedafter being DFTed.

Antenna #0, OFDM symbol #1=>Symbols of indices M to 2M−1 are DFTed andmultiplied by “−1” and are then mapped after complex conjugation isperformed (or the DFTed value used when the antenna #1, OFDM symbol #0mapping is performed is multiplied by “−1” and then complex conjugationis performed).

Antenna #1, OFDM symbol #1=>Symbols of indices 0 to M−1 are DFTed andmultiplied by “−1” and are then mapped after complex conjugation isperformed (or the DFTed value used for when the antenna #0, OFDM symbol#0 mapping is performed is multiplied by “−1” and then complexconjugation is performed).

When the STBC scheme is applied to a PUCCH format 2/2a/2b, the STBCscheme may be applied to modulation symbols before or after being spreadusing orthogonal resources.

FIG. 17 illustrates Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD).

As shown in FIG. 17, in the CDD scheme, the same signal is transmittedthrough multi-antenna transmission and a different cyclic shift (orlinear delay) is applied to a signal corresponding to an OFDM symbolunit or a specific period unit for each antenna to acquire diversitygain. In this embodiment, although the same information is transmittedthrough antenna #0 and antenna #1, a symbol transmitted through antenna#1 is cyclically shifted by δ.

FIG. 18 illustrates an Orthogonal Space Resource Transmission (OSRT)scheme. The OSRT scheme is also referred to as an Orthogonal ResourceTransmission (ORT) scheme.

As shown in FIG. 18, modulation symbols transmitted through multipleantennas may use different orthogonal resources. Examples of theorthogonal resources include cyclic shift, orthogonal covering, andfrequency resource block. That is, resources (such as cyclic shift,orthogonal covering, and frequency resource block) of modulation symbolstransmitted through multiple antennas are set to be orthodonal to eachother, thereby guaranteeing orthogonality between UEs while acquiringhigh diversity gain. This embodiment is illustrated with reference tothe case where modulation symbols (d_(—)0(n)) are spread using differentsequences for multiple antennas. The OSRT scheme may be applied to PUCCHtransmission.

As described above, the LTE-A system requires that multiple antennas beused in uplink and a variety of MIMO transmission schemes are underconsideration in the LTE-A system. In this regard, there is a need todefine UE operations for the MIMO transmission scheme (for example, TxDscheme and SM scheme). For example, in the case of a PUCCH, in order touse a 2-TxD scheme, two different resources indicated by a combinationof a CS, an OC, and a PRB are needed to estimate respective channels ofmultiple antennas from the viewpoint of reference signal. In anotherexample, in the case of a PUSCH, two CSs need to be allocated toestimate respective channels of antennas from the viewpoint of referencesignal or two resources (or two resource units) multiplexed in anFDM/TDM manner need to be allocated to perform antenna channelestimation.

Accordingly, it is necessary for the base station (eNode B) to configurea multi-antenna transmission mode (MIMO transmission mode) of the UEaccording to UE multiplexing or resource states. For example, let usassume that 18 UEs can be multiplexed in a CDM/FDM fashion when all UEsperform 1-Tx antenna transmission for a PUCCH. In this case, when 2-Txantenna transmission is used, the UE uses 2 PUCCH resources andtherefore the capacity of multiplexing is reduced to 9 UEs. Accordingly,it is necessary for the base station to configure a multi-antennatransmission scheme for the UE in accordance with situations.

The following is a detailed description with reference to the drawings.In this specification, the term “N-Tx transmission” or “N-Tx antennatransmission” refers to transmission that requires channel estimationfor each of the N antennas. The term “N-Tx transmission” may also bereferred to as a transmission mode for N layer transmission. Forexample, in the case where a UE has 4 physical antennas and performs2-Tx antenna transmission, two of the four antennas may use STBC, SFBC,OSRT, and the like and the remaining two antennas may use avirtualization method such as CDD or PVS. That is, although the UEperforms transmission using four antennas, it appears to the basestation that the UE performs transmission using two antennas.

FIG. 19 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

As shown in FIG. 19, the base station determines a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S1910). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station signals information regarding themulti-antenna transmission mode to the UE (S1920). The informationregarding the multi-antenna transmission mode may include informationindicating whether or not a MIMO transmission scheme is used, the MIMOtransmission scheme, the number of antennas that require channelestimation, and the like. For example, the information regarding themulti-antenna transmission mode may include information indicatingwhether or not transmit diversity (TxD) is used. In this case, theinformation regarding the multi-antenna transmission mode may indicatewhether or not 1-TxD, 2-TxD, 4-TxD, or the like are used. In addition,the information regarding the multi-antenna transmission mode mayinclude information indicating whether or not spatial multiplexing (SM)is used. In this case, the information regarding the multi-antennatransmission mode may include rank information, information regardingthe number of layers, and the like. The information regarding themulti-antenna transmission mode may be transmitted through one of systeminformation, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, and uplinkscheduling information. The information regarding the multi-antennatransmission mode may be transmitted through a newly added field or maybe transmitted through a field that is not being used among predefinedfields. The information regarding the multi-antenna transmission modemay be transmitted in a periodic, aperiodic, persistent,semi-persistent, or event-triggering manner. The UE configures itsmulti-antenna transmission mode as indicated by the base station(S1930). Thereafter, the UE transmits an uplink signal through multipleantennas according to the configured multi-antenna transmission mode(S1940). The uplink signal may be transmitted through an uplink channelincluding a plurality of SC-FDMA symbols. In this case, the uplinkchannel includes a PUCCH or a PUSCH.

FIG. 20 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 20, the base station determines=a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S2010). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station signals 1-bit information regardingthe multi-antenna transmission mode to the UE (S2020). The 1-bitinformation may indicate a non-TxD mode or a TxD mode. For example, the1-bit information may indicate a non-TxD mode when the 1-bit informationis set to 0 and indicate a 2-TxD mode when the 1-bit information is setto 1. The 1-bit information may also be interpreted reversely. Inaddition, the 1-bit information may indicate a non-SM mode or an SMmode. For example, the 1-bit information may indicate a mode fortransmission of 1 layer when the 1-bit information is set to 0 andindicate a mode for transmission of 2 layers when the 1-bit informationis set to 1. The 1-bit information may be transmitted through one ofsystem information, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, and uplinkscheduling information. The 1-bit information may be transmitted througha newly added field or may be transmitted through a field that is notbeing used among predefined fields. The 1-bit information may betransmitted in a periodic, aperiodic, persistent, semi-persistent(broadcast channel), or event-triggering (UE-RRC signaling) manner. TheUE configures its multi-antenna transmission mode as indicated by thebase station (S2030). Thereafter, the UE transmits an uplink signalthrough multiple antennas according to the configured multi-antennatransmission mode (S2040). The uplink signal may be transmitted throughan uplink channel including a plurality of SC-FDMA symbols. In thiscase, the uplink channel includes a PUCCH or a PUSCH.

FIG. 21 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 21, the base station determines a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S2110). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station allocates one or more PUCCH resourcesto the UE (S2120). The PUCCH resources that can be allocated to the UEmay be implicitly derived according to the multi-antenna transmissionmode determined in step S2110. For example, the PUCCH resources that canbe allocated to the UE may be implicitly derived according to the numberof antennas determined in step S2110 and a corresponding transmissionmode. The PUCCH resources may be indicated by (CS, OC, PRB) or (CS, PRB)according to the format. Resources for the reference signal may beindicated by (CS, OC, PRB). The maximum number of PUCCH resources may beset to be equal to or less than the number of antennas of the UE. Forexample, when the number of antennas of the UE is 4, the maximum numberof PUCCH resources may be set to 2 or 4. The PUCCH resources may beallocated using system information, Radio Resource Control (RRC)signaling, or uplink scheduling information. In this case, the PUCCHresources may be transmitted through a newly added field or may beallocated through a field that is not being used among predefinedfields. In addition, the PUCCH resources may be allocated using PDCCHconfiguration information. For example, resources associated with aPUCCH format 1a/1b for transmitting an ACK/NACK signal may be checkedbased on information (for example, a last CCE index) regarding CCEsconstituting the PDCCH. The PUCCH resources may be allocated in aperiodic, aperiodic, persistent, semi-persistent, or event-triggeringmanner. Thereafter, the UE configures a multi-antenna transmission modebased on the number of PUCCH resources allocated by the base station(S2130). That is, the number of resources allocated by the base stationmay be connected to the multi-antenna transmission mode (for example,the number of antennas and a corresponding transmission mode). Forexample, when the base station has allocated one resource (or oneresource unit), the UE may configure the multi-antenna transmission modeto 1-TxD or its equivalent method such as CDD or PVS. Similarly, whenthe base station has allocated two resources, the UE may configure themulti-antenna transmission mode to 2-TxD (for example, STBC, SFBC, largedelay CDD, OSRT, or the like). Similarly, when the base station hasallocated four resources (or four resource units), the UE may configurethe multi-antenna transmission mode to 4-TxD. For example, when the basestation has allocated one resource, the UE may configure themulti-antenna transmission mode to a transmission mode for one layertransmission. Similarly, when the base station has allocated tworesources, the UE may configure the multi-antenna transmission mode to atransmission mode for two layer transmission. Similarly, when the basestation has allocated four resources, the UE may configure themulti-antenna transmission mode to a transmission mode for four layertransmission. Thereafter, the UE transmits an uplink signal throughmultiple antennas according to the configured multi-antenna transmissionmode (S2140). The uplink signal may be transmitted through an uplinkchannel including a plurality of SC-FDMA symbols. In this case, theuplink channel includes a PUCCH or a PUSCH.

FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 22, the base station determines a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S2210). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station allocates a plurality of PUCCHresources to the UE (S2220). A relationship between PUCCH resources thatcan be allocated to the UE may be implicitly derived according to themulti-antenna transmission mode determined in step S2210. For example,the PUCCH resources that can be allocated to the UE may be implicitlyderived according to the number of antennas determined in step S2210 anda corresponding transmission mode. The PUCCH resources may be indicatedby (CS, OC, PRB) or (CS, PRB) according to the format. Resources for thereference signal may be indicated by (CS, OC, PRB). The number of PUCCHresources may be fixed to a specific value equal to or less than thenumber of antennas of the UE. For example, when the number of antennasof the UE is 4, the number of PUCCH resources may always be fixed to 2or 4. The PUCCH resources may be allocated using system information,Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, or uplink schedulinginformation. In this case, the PUCCH resources may be transmittedthrough a newly added field or may be allocated through a field that isnot being used among predefined fields. In addition, the PUCCH resourcesmay be allocated using PDCCH configuration information. For example,resources associated with a PUCCH format 1a/1b for transmitting anACK/NACK signal may be checked based on information (for example, lastCCE information) regarding CCEs constituing the PDCCH. The PUCCHresources may be allocated in a periodic, aperiodic, persistent,semi-persistent, or event-triggering manner.

Thereafter, the UE configures a multi-antenna transmission mode based ona relationship between PUCCH resources allocated by the base station(S2230). That is, the relationship between resources allocated by thebase station may be connected to the multi-antenna transmission mode(for example, the number of antennas and a corresponding transmissionmode). For example, the UE may configure a multi-antenna transmissionmode based on whether or not the allocated PUCCH resources areidentical. In one method, two fields indicating resources to be used foreach antenna (or layer 0) may be defined for 2-Tx antenna transmission.In this case, the UE may perform 2-Tx antenna transmission (for example,STBC, SFBC, large delay CDD, or OSRT) when the two fields have differentvalues and may perform 1-Tx antenna transmission or correspondingtransmission when the two fields have the same value. Let us consideranother method in which it is assumed that the base station hasallocated nr0 and nr1 to the UE. Here, nr0 represents (ncs0, noc0,n_PRB0) for the PUCCH format 1/1a/1b and represents (ncs0, n_PRB0) forthe PUCCH format 2/2a/2b. Here, ncs represents a cyclic shift value, nocrepresents orthogonal covering value, and n_PRB represents a valueregarding a physical resource block. In this case, the UE may configurethe multi-antenna transmission mode such that the UE performs 1-Txantenna transmission using the corresponding resources when nr0=nr1 andperforms 2-Tx antenna transmission using the corresponding resourceswhen nr0 nr1. Here, the order (or sequence) of allocation may correspondto that of a respective antenna (or layer). That is, signaling of (nr0,nr1) may indicate that nr0 has been allocated for antenna 0 (or layer 0)and nr1 has been allocated for antenna 1 (or layer 1): That is, theresources and the antennas may have the relationship of (nr0, nr1, nr2,nr3)<->(ant0, ant1, ant2, ant3). Here, ant may indicate an antenna port(or layer). That is, the UE may perform transmission using a Txtransmission method in which multiple antennas can be grouped andassumed as one antenna when the resources allocated for respectiveantennas (or layers) have the same value and may perform transmissionusing a predefined multi-antenna transmission mode (for example,transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing, or the like) when theresources allocated for respective antennas (or layers) have differentvalues. The following is a more detailed description of the case where(nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3) are allocated. Although it is assumed in thepresent invention that a resource is allocated to each antenna (or eachlayer), the present invention is not limited to the illustrated order ofantennas.

4-Tx antenna transmission may be performed when nr0≠nr1≠nr2≠nr3.

Transmission may be performed using only ant1, ant2, and ant3 whennr0=nr1≠nr2≠nr3 or transmission of ant0 may be performed such that itappears that transmission is performed through 3-Tx antennas.

Transmission of only ant0 and ant2, transmission of only ant0 and ant3,transmission of only ant1 and ant2, and transmission of only ant1 andant2 may be performed when nr0=nr1≠nr2≠nr3. Transmission of ant0 andant1 may be performed such that it appears that single antennatransmission is performed and transmission of ant2 and ant3 may beperformed such that it appears that single antenna transmission isperformed, resulting in that it appears from the overall viewpoint that2-Tx transmission is performed.

FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 23, the base station determines a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S2310). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station signals the number of Tx antennasthat require channel estimation (S2320). The number of Tx antennasrequiring channel estimation may be implicitly derived according to themulti-antenna transmission mode determined in step S2310. For example,the number of Tx antennas requiring channel estimation may be implicitlyderived according to the number of antennas determined in step S2310 anda corresponding transmission mode. The number of Tx antennas requiringchannel estimation may be allocated using system information, RadioResource Control (RRC) signaling, or uplink scheduling information. Inthis case, the number of Tx antennas requiring channel estimation may betransmitted through a newly added field or may be allocated through afield that is not being used among predefined fields. The number of Txantennas requiring channel estimation may be allocated in a periodic,aperiodic, persistent, semi-persistent, or event-triggering manner.

The number of Tx antennas requiring channel estimation may be indicatedthrough the number of CDM/FDM/TDM resources for a reference signal. Thereference signal resources may be indicated by CS, OC, and PRB or anarbitrary combination thereof. For example, the reference signalresources may be indicated using CS. In this case, the UE may configurethe multi-antenna transmission mode according to the number of allocatedresources (S2330). That is, the number of resources allocated by thebase station may be connected to the multi-antenna transmission mode(for example, the number of antennas and a corresponding transmissionmode). For example, the UE may configure the multi-antenna transmissionmode to a 1-Tx transmission mode when the number of allocated resourcesis 1, a 2-Tx transmission mode when the number of allocated resources is2, and a 4-Tx transmission mode when the number of allocated resourcesis 4. Thereafter, the UE transmits an uplink signal to the base stationthrough multiple antennas using the configured multi-antennatransmission mode (S2340). In this case, the UE transmits a referencesignal for a plurality of antennas to the base station using theallocated resources.

In another scheme, in step S2330, only “N” for N-Tx transmission may besignaled as the number of Tx antennas requiring channel estimation. Inthis case, the UE configures the multi-antenna transmission mode to N-Txtransmission. Thereafter, the UE transmits an uplink signal to the basestation through multiple antennas using the configured multi-antennatransmission mode (S2340). In this case, the UE may derive a referencesignal resource for the nth antenna (or layer) using the resource of the1st antenna (or layer). For example, the UE may use reference signalresources defined in the conventional (LTE) system as reference signalresources for the first antenna and may use reference signal resourcesacquired through a predetermined scheme for the remaining antennas. Inexemplary implementation, when the first antenna uses ncs0, the secondantenna may transmit a reference signal using ncs0+α, the third antennamay transmit a reference signal using ncs0+2×α, and the fourth antennamay transmit a reference signal using ncs0+3×α. Here, ncs represents acyclic shift value. The uplink signal may be transmitted through anuplink channel including a plurality of SC-FDMA symbols. In this case,the uplink channel includes a PUCCH or a PUSCH.

FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure in which uplink transmission isperformed through multiple antennas according to another embodiment ofthe present invention.

As shown in FIG. 24, the base station determines a multi-antennatransmission mode of the UE (for example, transmit diversity, spatialmultiplexing, and the like) (S2410). The multi-antenna transmission modemay be determined taking into consideration the channel condition, thenumber of UEs that are going to perform uplink transmission, and thelike. Thereafter, the base station allocates a plurality of resources tothe UE for a reference signal (RS) for a PUSCH channel (S2420). Arelationship between reference signal resources that can be allocated tothe UE may be implicitly derived according to the multi-antennatransmission mode determined in step S2410. For example, therelationship between reference signal resources that can be allocated tothe UE may be implicitly derived according to the number of antennasdetermined in step S2410 and a corresponding transmission mode. Thereference signal resources may be indicated by CS, OC, and PRB or anarbitrary combination thereof. For example, the reference signalresources may be indicated using CS. The number of reference signalresources may be fixed to a specific value equal to or less than thenumber of antennas of the UE. For example, when the number of antennasof the UE is 4, the number of reference signal resources may always befixed to 2 or 4. The reference signal resources may be allocated usinguplink scheduling information. Table 10 shows uplink schedulinginformation (DCI format 0) that has been modified so as to indicate aplurality of reference signal resources.

TABLE 10 Field Bits Comment Format 1 Uplink grant or downlink assignmentHopping flag 1 Frequency hopping on/off RB assignment 7 — MCS 5 — DMRS#13 Cyclic shift of demodulation reference signal . . — . . . . DMRS#N 3Cyclic shift of demodulation reference signal . . . . . . RNTI/CRC 16 16 bit RNTI implicitly encoded in CRC Total 38 + N × 3 —

Thereafter, the UE configures a multi-antenna transmission mode based ona relationship between reference signal resources allocated by the basestation (S2430). That is, the relationship between resources allocatedby the base station may be connected to the multi-antenna transmissionmode (for example, the number of antennas and a correspondingtransmission mode). For example, the UE may configure a multi-antennatransmission mode based on whether or not the allocated reference signalresources are identical. In one method, two fields indicating resourcesto be used for each antenna (or layer) may be defined for 2-Tx antennatransmission. In this case, the UE may perform 2-Tx antenna transmission(for example, STBC, SFBC, large delay CDD, or OSRT) when the two fieldshave different values and may perform 1-Tx antenna transmission orcorresponding transmission when the two fields have the same value.Specifically, let us assume that the base station has allocated ncs0 andncs1 to the UE. Here, ncs represents a cyclic shift value. In this case,the UE may configure the multi-antenna transmission mode such that theUE performs 1-Tx antenna transmission when ncs0=ncs1 and performs 2-Txantenna transmission when ncs0≠ncs1. Here, the order (or sequence) ofallocation may correspond to that of a respective antenna (or layer).That is, signaling of (ncs0, ncs1) may indicate that ncs0 has beenallocated for antenna 0 (or layer 0) and ncs1 has been allocated forantenna 1 (or layer 1). That is, the resources and the antennas may havethe relationship of (ncs0, ncs1, ncs2, ncs3)<->(ant0, ant1, ant2, ant3).Here, ant may indicate an antenna port (or layer). That is, the UE mayperform transmission using a Tx transmission method in which multipleantennas can be grouped and assumed as one antenna when the resourcesallocated for respective antennas (or layers) have the same value andmay perform transmission using a predefined multi-antenna transmissionmode when the resources allocated for respective antennas (or layers)have different values. The following is a more detailed description ofthe case where (ncs0, ncs1, ncs2, ncs3) are allocated. Although it isassumed in the present invention that a resource is allocated to eachantenna (or layer), the present invention is not limited to theillustrated order of antennas.

4-Tx antenna transmission may be performed when ncs0≠ncs1≠ncs2≠ncs3.

Transmission may be performed using only ant1, ant2, and ant3 whenncs0=ncs1≠ncs2≠ncs3 or transmission of ant0 may be performed such thatit appears that transmission is performed through 3-Tx antennas.

Transmission of only ant0 and ant2, transmission of only ant0 and ant3,transmission of only ant1 and ant2, and transmission of only ant1 andant2 may be performed when ncs0=ncs1≠ncs2≠ncs3. Transmission of ant0 andant1 may be performed such that it appears that single antennatransmission is performed and transmission of ant2 and ant3 may beperformed such that it appears that single antenna transmission isperformed, resulting in that it appears from the overall viewpoint that2-Tx transmission is performed.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of a transmitter/receiver according to anembodiment of the present invention. In downlink, the transmitter 2510is a portion of a base station and the receiver 2550 is a portion of aterminal. In uplink, the transmitter 2510 is a portion of a terminal andthe receiver 2550 is a portion of a base station.

As shown in FIG. 25, in the transmitter 2510, a transmission (Tx) dataand pilot processor 2520 encodes, interleaves and symbol-maps data(e.g., traffic data and signaling) and generates data symbols. Inaddition, the processor 2520 generates pilot symbols and multiplexesdata symbols and pilot symbols. A modulator 2530 generates appropriatetransport symbols according to a wireless access scheme. A RadioFrequency (RF) module 2532 processes (e.g., analog converts, amplifies,filters and frequency up-converts) the transport symbols and generatesan RF signal transmitted through an antenna 2534. In the receiver 2550,an antenna 2552 receives a signal transmitted from the transmitter 2510and supplies the signal to an RF module 2554. The RF module 2554processes (e.g., filters, amplifies, frequency down-converts, anddigitizes) the received signal and supplies input samples. A demodulator2560 demodulates the input samples and supplies data values and pilotvalues. A channel estimator 2580 acquires a channel estimation valuebased on the received pilot values. In addition, the demodulator 2560performs data detection (or equalization) with respect to the receiveddata values using the channel estimation value and supplies data symbolestimation values for the transmitter 2510. A reception (Rx) dataprocessor 2570 symbol-demaps, deinterleaves, and decodes the data symbolestimation values and supplies decoded data. In general, the processesof the demodulator 2560 and the Rx data processor 2570 in the receiver2550 is complementary to the processes of the modulator 2530 and the Txdata and pilot processor 2520 in the transmitter 2510.

Controllers/processors 2540 and 2590 control the operations of variousprocessing modules of the transmitter 2510 and the receiver 2550.Specifically, the controllers/processors 2540 and 2590 perform a digitalsignal processing procedure and control various processing modules inorder to perform operations associated with the embodiments of thepresent invention that have been described with reference to thedrawings. Memories 2542 and 2592 store program codes and data for thetransmitter 2510 and the receiver 2550.

Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carryingout the invention.

The above embodiments are provided by combining components and featuresof the present invention in specific forms. The components or featuresof the present invention should be considered optional unless explicitlystated otherwise. The components or features may be implemented withoutbeing combined with other components or features. The embodiments of thepresent invention may also be provided by combining some of thecomponents and/or features. The order of the operations described abovein the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Somecomponents or features of one embodiment may be included in anotherembodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or featuresof another embodiment. It will be apparent that claims which are notexplicitly dependent on each other can be combined to provide anembodiment or new claims can be added through amendment after thisapplication is filed.

The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or any combination thereof. In the case where thepresent invention is implemented by hardware, an embodiment of thepresent invention may be implemented by one or more application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digitalsignal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs),field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,microcontrollers, microprocessors, or the like.

In the case where the present invention is implemented by firmware orsoftware, the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented inthe form of modules, processes, functions, or the like which perform thefeatures or operations described above. Software code can be stored in amemory unit so as to be executed by a processor. The memory unit may belocated inside or outside the processor and can communicate data withthe processor through a variety of known means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe embodied in other specific forms than those set forth herein withoutdeparting from the spirit of the present invention. The abovedescription is therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrativeand not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be determined byreasonable interpretation of the appended claims and all changes comingwithin the equivalency range of the invention are intended to beembraced in the scope of the invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is applicable to a radio communication system.Specifically, the present invention is applicable to a radiocommunication system that supports at least one of SingleCarrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), MultiCarrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) and OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). More specifically, thepresent invention is applicable to a method and apparatus fortransmitting a signal from a UE through multiple antennas in a radiocommunication system.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of transmitting a demodulationreference signal (DMRS) for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ata User Equipment (UE) in a radio communication system, the methodcomprising: receiving a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) signalfor the PUSCH, wherein the PDCCH signal includes a 3-bit index relatedto Cyclic Shift (CS) for the DMRS, the 3-bit index indicating a value;determining a plurality of CS parameters based on the value of the 3-bitindex and a number of layers, wherein a number of the plurality of CSparameters is equal to the number of layers; determining a plurality ofCS values α_(λ) based on the plurality of CS parameters by using theequation α_(λ)=2π·n_(CS,λ)/12, wherein n_(CS,λ) is a λ^(th) CS parameterof the plurality of CS parameters, λ is an integer in a range from 0 toN−1, and N is the number of layers; and generating a plurality of DMRSsequences based on the plurality of CS values α_(λ) by using theexpression e^(j·α) ^(λ) ^(·n)· r _(u,v)(n), wherein r _(u,v)(n) is abase sequence, u is a group number, v is a base sequence number within acorresponding group, n is an integer in a range from 0 to N_(sc)^(RS)−1, and N_(sc) ^(RS) is a number of allocated subcarriers.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the 3-bit index has a plurality of valuesincluding the value, and wherein a corresponding plurality of CSparameters is predefined per each value of the plurality of values. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of DMRSsequences are for demodulation of a corresponding one or more of thelayers of the PUSCH.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprisingtransmitting the plurality of DMRS sequences for the PUSCH.
 5. A methodof receiving a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a PhysicalUplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) at a Base Station (BS) in a radiocommunication system, the method comprising: transmitting a PhysicalDownlink Control Channel (PDCCH) signal for the PUSCH, wherein the PDCCHsignal includes a 3-bit index related to Cyclic Shift (CS) for the DMRS,the 3-bit index indicating a value; and receiving a plurality of DMRSsequences for the PUSCH, wherein a plurality of CS parameters aredetermined based on the value of the 3-bit index and a number of layers,wherein a number of the plurality of CS parameters is equal to thenumber of layers, wherein a plurality of CS values α_(λ) are determinedbased on the plurality of CS parameters by using the equationα_(λ)=2π·n_(CS,λ)/12, wherein n_(CS,λ) is a λ^(th) CS parameter of theplurality of CS parameters, λ is an integer in a range from 0 to N−1,and N is the number of layers, and wherein the plurality of DMRSsequences are defined based on the plurality of CS values α_(λ) by usingthe expression e^(j·α) ^(λ) ^(·n)· r _(u,v)(n), wherein r _(u,v)(n) is abase sequence, u is a group number, v is a base sequence number within acorresponding group, n is an integer in a range from 0 to N_(sc)^(RS)−1, and N_(sc) ^(RS) is a number of allocated subcarriers.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the 3-bit index has a plurality of valuesincluding the value, and wherein a corresponding plurality of CSparameters is predefined per each value of the plurality of values. 7.The method of claim 5, further comprising demodulating the PUSCH usingthe plurality of DMRS sequences.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein oneor more of the plurality of DMRS sequences are used for demodulation ofa corresponding one or more of the layers of the PUSCH.
 9. A UserEquipment (UE) for transmitting demodulation reference signal (DMRS) fora Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in a radio communicationsystem, the UE comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) unit; and a processorconfigured to: receive a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)signal for the PUSCH, wherein the PDCCH signal includes a 3-bit indexrelated to Cyclic Shift (CS) for the DMRS, the 3-bit index indicating avalue; determine a plurality of CS parameters based on the value of the3-bit index and a number of layers, wherein a number of the plurality ofCS parameters is equal to the number of layers; determine a plurality ofCS values α_(λ) based on the plurality of CS parameters by using theequation α_(λ)=2π·n_(CS,λ)/12, wherein n_(CS,λ) is a λ^(th) CS parameterof the plurality of CS parameters, λ is an integer in a range of 0 toN−1, and N is the number of layers; and generate a plurality of DMRSsequences based on the plurality of CS values α_(λ) by using theexpression e^(j·α) ^(λ) ^(·n)· r _(u,v)(n), wherein r _(u,v)(n) is abase sequence, u is a group number, v is a base sequence number within acorresponding group, n is an integer in a range from 0 to N_(sc)^(RS)−1, and N_(sc) ^(RS) is a number of allocated subcarriers.
 10. TheUE of claim 9, wherein the 3-bit index has a plurality of valuesincluding the value, and wherein a corresponding plurality of CSparameters is predefined per each value of the plurality of values. 11.The UE of claim 9, wherein one or more of the plurality of DMRSsequences are for demodulation of a corresponding one or more of thelayers of the PUSCH.
 12. The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor isfurther configured to transmit the plurality of DMRS sequences for thePUSCH.
 13. A Base Station (BS) for receiving demodulation referencesignal (DMRS) for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in a radiocommunication system, the BS comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) unit;and a processor configured to: transmit a Physical Downlink ControlChannel (PDCCH) signal for the PUSCH, wherein the PDCCH signal includesa 3-bit index related to Cyclic Shift (CS) for the DMRS, the 3-bit indexindicating a value; and receive a plurality of DMRS sequences for thePUSCH, wherein a plurality of CS parameters are determined based on thevalue of the 3-bit index and a number of layers, wherein a number of theplurality of CS parameters is equal to the number of layers, wherein aplurality of CS values α_(λ) are determined based on the plurality of CSparameters by using the equation α_(λ)=2π·n_(CS,λ)/12, wherein n_(CS,λ)is a λ^(th) CS parameter of the plurality of CS parameters, λ is aninteger in a range from 0 to N−1, and N is the number of layers, andwherein the plurality of DMRS sequences are defined based on theplurality of CS values α_(λ) by using the expression e^(j·α) ^(λ) ^(·n)·r _(u,v)(n), wherein r _(u,v)(n) is a base sequence, u is a groupnumber, v is a base sequence number within a corresponding group, n isan integer in a range from 0 to N_(sc) ^(RS)−1, and N_(sc) ^(RS) is anumber of allocated subcarriers.
 14. The BS of claim 13, wherein the3-bit index has a plurality of values including the value, and wherein acorresponding plurality of CS parameters is predefined per each value ofthe plurality of values.
 15. The BS of claim 13, wherein the processoris further configured to demodulate the PUSCH using the plurality ofDMRS sequences.
 16. The BS of claim 15, wherein one or more of theplurality of DMRS sequences are used for demodulation of a correspondingone or more of the layers of the PUSCH.